Alnico Magnet
Alnico (AlNiCo) ndi woyamba anayamba maginito okhazikika amapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, faifi tambala, cobalt, chitsulo ndi kufufuza zitsulo zikuchokera aloyi. Malinga ndi ndondomeko zosiyanasiyana kupanga lagawidwa mu sintered Alnico (Sintered AlNiCo), ndi kuponyedwa faifi tambala zotayidwa ndi cobalt (Cast AlNiCo) .Mawonekedwe azinthu zozungulira ndi lalikulu. Zogulitsa za Sintered zocheperako pang'ono, kupanga kwawo chifukwa chololera movutikira ndikwabwino kuposa kuponyedwa koyipa kumatha kukhala kokwanira bwino.
Ma aloyi a Alnico amatha kupangidwa ndi maginito kuti apange maginito amphamvu komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu (kukana demagnetization), motero kupanga maginito amphamvu okhazikika. Mwa maginito omwe amapezeka kwambiri, maginito osowa padziko lapansi monga neodymium ndi samarium-cobalt ndi amphamvu. Maginito a Alnico amapanga mphamvu ya maginito pamitengo yawo mpaka kufika 1500 gausses (0.15 teslas), kapena pafupifupi 3000 kuchulukitsa mphamvu ya maginito a Dziko lapansi. Mitundu ina ya alnico ndi isotropic ndipo imatha kupangidwa bwino ndi maginito mbali iliyonse. Mitundu ina, monga alnico 5 ndi alnico 8, ndi anisotropic, ndipo iliyonse ili ndi njira yomwe amakondera maginito, kapena kuwongolera. Ma aloyi a anisotropic nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu ya maginito mokulirapo kuposa mitundu ya isotropic. Kukhazikika kwa Alnico (Br) kumatha kupitilira 12,000 G (1.2 T), kukakamiza kwake (Hc) kumatha kukhala mpaka 1000 oersteds (80 kA/m), mankhwala ake amphamvu ((BH) max) akhoza kukhala mpaka 5.5 MG·Oe ( 44 T·A/m). Izi zikutanthauza kuti alnico imatha kupanga maginito amphamvu m'mabwalo otsekedwa a maginito, koma imakhala ndi kukana pang'ono motsutsana ndi demagnetization. Mphamvu yamunda pamitengo ya maginito aliwonse okhazikika zimadalira kwambiri mawonekedwe ake ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala pansi pa mphamvu ya zinthuzo.
Ma aloyi a Alnico ali ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa Curie kwa zinthu zilizonse zamaginito, kuzungulira 800 °C (1,470 °F), ngakhale kutentha kwakukulu kogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri kumakhala kozungulira 538 °C (1,000 °F).[4] Ndi maginito okhawo omwe ali ndi maginito othandiza ngakhale atatenthedwa ndi kutentha kwambiri.[5] Katunduyu, komanso kulimba kwake komanso kusungunuka kwake kwakukulu, ndi chifukwa cha chizolowezi champhamvu chadongosolo chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwapakati pakati pa aluminiyamu ndi zigawo zina. Amakhalanso amodzi mwa maginito okhazikika ngati agwiridwa bwino. Maginito a Alnico ndi magetsi, mosiyana ndi maginito a ceramic.
Maginito a Alnico amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamafakitale ndi ogula pomwe maginito amphamvu okhazikika amafunikira; zitsanzo ndi ma motors amagetsi, ma pickups a gitala amagetsi, maikolofoni, masensa, zokuzira mawu, machubu a magnetron, ndi maginito a ng'ombe. M'mapulogalamu ambiri amalowetsedwa ndi maginito osowa padziko lapansi, omwe minda yawo yamphamvu (Br) ndi zinthu zazikulu zowonjezera mphamvu (BHmax) zimalola maginito ang'onoang'ono kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.
